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Why Are Students Using Online Essay Writing Services?

Why Are Students Using Online Essay Writing Services? Every paragraph can describe some facet of the chosen matter and support it with the help of good examples and convincing evidence. You must accent your attention on the key factors on this part. But should you need some school essay help, you can communicate with the consultants of our writing firm. If you assume that it's unimaginable for one individual to write down an enormous paper inside probably the most unrealistic deadline, you might be wrong. In every half, you should use fascinating facts which assist to grab reader’s attention. In the introduction, you have to show the primary purpose of your essay. The major physique is the largest part of your work which includes few paragraphs. Very often students need low-cost essay assist as a result of they haven't free time for doing personal assignments. The essay is a written work during which college students can show private information and skills about some problem or issue. It consists of an introduction, main body, and conclusion. Think about one thing that's relevant to your class and also you wish to explore in additional detail. And remember that our experts might be glad to work on an unique essay you want. The friendly customer service representatives will chat with you at any moment as per your convenience. Instead of conforming to the schedule of our customized essay writing service, you possibly can simply chat with us as per your convenience. It could also be exhausting for a student to do it however not for an skilled author. Our writers know where to search out the necessary data throughout the shortest period of time. You may be sure they use solely respected sources and truth-check. Additionally, they do not have questions on how to organize the fabric and what structure of a paper will fit this explicit task. They know what they're doing and don’t need to spend as a lot time on this task as a mean scholar would. It is sweet to know from a client’s viewpoint that there isn't any want for paying a author in advance. You can check if the ultimate outcome meets your necessities and only then approve of the writer’s work. Every scholar will agree with the statement that it is tough to decide on a non-trivial and interesting topic for an essay. It shouldn't be too narrow in order that you would discover the adequate amount of relevant information. Furthermore, it shouldn't be too broad as it will be exhausting to write down about every important fact in your paper. You can look by way of this listing and discover the topic that evokes you. it's essential to put in writing about something that you enjoy. otherwise, the writing process will flip into an actual torture. It saves you from cooperating with frauds who ship low-high quality content and purpose to get as many purchasers misled as attainable. the testimonials from others and evaluations will assist you to see a clear image. If you see that the most of the reviews have constructive feedback, you likely can trust this platform. So you can get an idea of what it’s like to write down an essay. Want to know if we really are one of the best essay writing service? Our customer evaluations converse volumes of our essay writing service. You can hire our custom essay writing service when you're unable to articulate your ideas onto the web page. You can information our experts on what you need, and we will execute your imaginative and prescient proficiently.

Essay Writer For Hire At Professional Essay Writing Service

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Essay Writing Service With Money

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A Team Of Professional Essay Writers For Hire

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Can The Essay Still Surprise Us?

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Can The Essay Still Surprise Us?

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Can The Essay Still Surprise Us?

Can The Essay Still Surprise Us? When we accept your project order, we deal with it with the utmost seriousness. This implies that only one of the best consultants will conduct research on your matter and that they will deliver your paper only after ensuring that it's insightful. More than ninety seven% of our papers are delivered before the deadline even if it equals to 4 hours. Our experts will hear you name for assist, asking, “write my essay online,” as soon as you place an order with us. You additionally need to check together with your state education division to see if there are any complaints in opposition to the writer. Our group of execs can deal with an urgent order inside a number of hours. Working shortly and effectively, we will assure you that your paper might be done on the top level without a delay. This is step one you should take to receive our spotless help. If you google the information with a request write my paper for me and don't know which company to prefer, welcome to Orderyouressay.com. The detailed record is printed on the net page “Our Services”. Visit it and doubtless, you’ll lastly discover a answer you search for so lengthy. At undergraduate stage, more so than at A-Level, you'll need to reveal evidence of additional studying. Lectures are imagined to be a pointer and guide for your additional reading. By studying, we imply revealed, peer-reviewed literature; Wikipedia doesn't count! Other web sites should not be cited in essays, but you should use them to additional your understanding and get lists of peer-reviewed literature to learn. Finally, be sure to learn rigorously any feedback you are given on your essays. Another detail you don’t need to forget is the flexibility of a delegated writer to meet deadlines. After all, even a properly-written custom paper gained’t mean anything if you fail to meet deadlines. Therefore, it's quintessential to rent authors who guarantee to ship you the doc on time. Submit an in depth and correct information requirements for your essay-writing task. This will decrease the amount of pointless revisions of your essay sooner or later. Wait for the contact of our Customer Support manager consultant. College Writers is right here to provide you a serving to hand in a challenging course of of educational writing. Check with your native chamber of trade and see if the corporate has a stellar status. You can order any type of these works written from scratch and get totally original, non-plagiarized paper. You can even order enhancing and proofreading, and we are going to ensure your essay is edited, polished and glossy. The paper you get form us is guaranteed to move any digital plagiarism check your school places it by way of. This goes with out saying, however it's necessary to emphasise the value of customer service and responsiveness. Professional authors should at all times be at your disposal and ready to react 24/7. As tutorial becoming aggressive with the passage of time, professors set strict protocols for an assigned case study. Are you in search of plagiarism free content for your essays? ThenSourceEssayworks as a software for you in achievingplagiarism free and relevant content. Once you are ready to make the order, fill out a web-based kind. We understand the way it's essential to fulfill deadlines. We work in a well timed method to ship orders by the due date. You'll have sufficient time to verify whether or not the completed paper corresponds to all of your requirements. If not, present us with suggestions and ask for a revision. Your tutors will be keen that can assist you be taught and progress. Paper details.Specify any essential particulars about the paper , so we are able to maintain our eyes on key particulars the professor discussed in class relevant to your task.

America Is Hungry, And Someone Has Got For Keep Us Fed

America is hungry, and someone has got to keep us fed. We live in a country with the luxury of convenience, so naturally hamburgers are as â€Å"American as apple pie† with the ease of picking them up at a drive-thru window, and ability to munch them one-handed, and the extreme affordability all factoring in to put them on most people’s favorite food list. Unfortunately for the burger lovers out there, these lunchtime staples are also harboring a hidden danger; a potentially deadly food borne pathogen named Escherichia coli that’s been making headlines more frequently as of late. Escherichia coli, or E. coli for short, are most commonly found in ground beef. It is naturally present in the bovine gastrointestinal system, the mutated strain,†¦show more content†¦There are many areas things can go wrong in the process of raising, slaughtering, and packaging the beef for human consumption. Especially so in slaughterhouses and processing plants, as there are many potential contamination hazards, and most depend on human attention to catch and correct. The cattle may arrive at the slaughterhouse with feces on their hides, which present the first risk of contamination as it can be very difficult to remove the hides from the animal without transferring any of the pathogen bearing feces to the carcass. The second high-risk area in the slaughterhouse is the gutting station, where at some locations, workers are expected to keep up an extremely fast pace, as many as sixty cattle per hour, which does not provide adequate time to prevent accidents. A ruptured gut sac can leave a carcass intended for human consumption covered in fecal matter or stomach acids all potentially containing the potentially deadly foodborne bacteria (Schlosser 203). At these slaughterhouses, steps are taken to clean and disinfect the carcasses, but E. coli is hard to kill. It is encouraged by the Agricultural Department to begin testing at these locations for E. coli, but most choose not to, as they stand to suffer significant monetary damage if they discover any E. coli present in their products (Moss 3). Most slaughterhouses will not sell their products to processing plants that plan to pre-screen the meat before combining and

Working With Diversity and Conflict-Free-Samples for Students

Question: The tools (Johari window, MBTI, TA and DISC) should be used and reflect how they have helped you to reflect on your own attitudes and behaviours in terms of conflict and communication(the writer can reflect their attitudes and behaviour in terms of conflict). Answer: Introduction Considering the fact that conflict in the workplace is an unavoidable part of work experience, they can be highly reduced by self-assessment (Leon-Perezet et al. 2015). Having self-awareness is crucial since when we have a better understanding of ourselves, we can easily assess our strengths as well as weaknesses. This understanding of our own selves helps us to deal with conflicts that we face in our workplaces. Some of the highly beneficial self-assessment tools include the Johari Window model, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) model, the Transactional Analysis (TA) and the DISC tool. In this essay, I will reflect upon how the above-mentioned tools have helped me to manage a critical conflict that happened in my workplace The conflict Being the manager of the XYZ Company, situated in Sydney, Australia, I have experienced several crucial conflicts in my workplace. As a manager, I always believe that conflict can be healthy if solved with efficiency. It helps in the development of better understanding among the employees as well as the superiors. However, if not solved in an appropriate way, conflict can take a major shape and result in immense loss of revenue of the organization. That year, our Company had got the opportunity to sign a major project that can enhance our revenue to a great level. However, the deadline of the project was too short and hence the manager decided to let the project go Being a person of overachieving mentally, I insisted my superior to sign the contract of the project assuring that I would be able to manage the situation. My intention was to pursue and motivate the employees to work overtime and thus get the work done within the stipulated time. Unfortunately, the plan made by me did not seem to work the way I wanted to. While more than 70 percent of the employees were not ready to work overtime, 26 percent of the employees asked for incentive for working after the official time was over. Only 4 percent of the employees seemed to have no issues with the plan. As a result of this, the productivity required for the completion of the project on time was not achieved. Being highly tensed, I started pressuring the employees to work overtime. While the majority of the employees kept silence, one of the employees protested. Our conversation eventually took the form of an argument. During the argument, the employee had started using abusive words against me. Being highly short tempered, I terminated the employee under Zero Tolerance Act and for ill-behaving with his superior. This situation ignited the conflict and the employees of the organization called for a strike in favour of the terminated employee. How Johari window, MBTI, TA and DISC helped me to manage the conflict In order to deal with the above-discussed situation, I underwent the four abovementioned self-assessment test. With the help of DISC, Analysis tool helped me to understand my leadership style. From the DiSC Analysis test (Saxena 2015), I understood that I belong to the Di category. The term Di stands for Dominant and influential. This tool helped me assess my strength as well as a weakness as a leader. While I have the capacity to influence and motivate my employees to a great level, being a dominant leader, I imposed the pressure of my own decision on the employees which had lead to the above-mentioned conflict. The DiSC Analysis model also helped me to predict the behaviour of my employees and this, in turn, enabled me to establish effective interaction with each one of them. The Johari window model helped me to handle criticism. I understood that criticism is one of the best ways to understand ones own personality and what ones peers think about him (Burian et al. 2014). With the help of Johari Tool, I understood what my peers, as well as my subordinates, think about me. This, in turn, helped me to understand their psychology and issues they have with me. I also gained the knowledge of how to deal with criticism and use it for the benefit of my own as well as for the organization. From the Johari window model, I find out that according to employees I am a highly enthusiastic leader but at the same time I am highly dominating and often end up pressuring my employees. In order to eradicate my negative image form the mind of the employees, I started communicating with the employees and genuinely tried to understand their issues. During my communication with them, I understood that how hard and tiring it is for them to work for provide extra effort after performing for a prolonged period of time. The MBTI model helped me to develop a solution to eradicate the above-mentioned conflict. Considering the fact I belonged to the TF dichotomy, I prefer thinking focused decision (Weick 2015). The four factors I considered while taking the decision included: What was the conflict about? Principles and opinions of the two group involved in the conflict Analysis of the difference in opinions Taking a firm decision During my analysis, I understood that my decision of making the employee work even after their shift time is over is not only unethical but illegal as well. The Employees has the legal right to sue me legally. Fortunately, they have not taken the step since they respect my commitment and loyalty towards the organization and my ability to motivate them. Along with the MBTI model, the TA model also helped me to manage the conflict. I had implemented the Ego States theory during the decision-making process (Radwan 2014). This theory helped me to understand that being the manager of XYZ Company, during the conversation with the employee, it was my duty to communicate with him modestly. This, in turn, would have helped me to understand his issue as a result of which he was showing aggressive behaviour. After analyzing my role as well as the psychology of my employees behind the conflict, I decided to implement the following steps. Firstly, since our organization has already signed a contract with the company and needs to complete the project within the stipulated time, I organized a meeting where the current liability of the company and the huge loss of revenue that the company would face if corporation from the employees is not obtained will be stated. Secondly, considering the fact that this immoral as well as illegal to pressurize th e employees for working more than their office hours, I decided to implement an incentive plan. Extra money was provided to the employees who worked for an additional period of time after their working hours were over. Finally, we appointed he terminate employee again in our organization only after he provided a written commitment that he would follow the code of conduct in the workplace in future. Identification of the tool that helped me the most The four tools mentioned in the above discussion helped me to manage the conflict in different ways. While the disc tool helped me to evaluate my leadership style, the Johari window model assisted me to understand my own personality and what my peers and employees think about it. With the help of both of these tools, I understood my strength as well as weaknesses. The MBTI tool helped me to assess the situation and show me the way so that the situation can be handled most effectively. Finally, with the help of TA tool, I was able to take an effective decision and managed the conflict successfully. Areas of Concern The only concern I had while using and implementing the four above mentioned tools to manage the conflict was that none of the tools is multifunctional. I noticed that none of the tools possesses the capability of solving the issue on. Hence I had to use all the four tools to manage the above-mentioned situation. Self assessment It is the core concern for me to see each aspect of conflict management and finding out why it stays critical to be a successful leader during the operational conflict. I have adapted some helpful lessons from various experiences as a manager and how I can enhance my administration capacity in this type of situation. I tenaciously work to settle on sound and convenient choices while enabling others to adopt some features from me. I observed my workforce very closely and pay special attention to identify the core causes of these conflicts while keeping them efficient by understanding their problems and obstacles. I have to build up a structure as per my observation and identification of situational choice, guaranteeing each undertaking decision is comprehended, regulated, and achieved by me and my subordinates while it would not have any dominant approach towards them. I routinely look for better approaches to assemble the workforce without any dominating approach while utilizing and motivating them as per their capabilities. I want to be an exceptionally devoted individual where I need to build up more leading capacities for making an ideal decision in any kind of conflicts. At the same time, I have the capacity to keep me motivated in any chaotic situation. I want to prepare effective motivational push for me and for my subordinates to achieve the objectives with collective dedication. Reference List Burian, P.E., Francis, R., Burian, P.S. and Pieffer, M.A., 2014. Leadership Systems Model: An Integration Of People, Process, And Behaviors In A Dynamic And Evolving Environment.International Journal of Management Information Systems (Online),18(4), p.261. Leon-Perez, J.M., Medina, F.J., Arenas, A. and Munduate, L., 2015. The relationship between interpersonal conflict and workplace bullying.Journal of Managerial Psychology,30(3), pp.250-263. Radwan, N., 2014. An adaptive learning management system based on learners learning style.International Arab Journal of e-Technology,3(4), p.7. Saxena, P., 2015. JOHARI WINDOW: An Effective Model for Improving Interpersonal Communication and Managerial Effectiveness.SIT Journal of Management,5(2), pp.134-146. Weick, K.E., 2015. The social psychology of organizing.M@ n@ gement,18(2), p.18

Speed Of Time Essay Research Paper Virilio free essay sample

Speed Of Time Essay, Research Paper Virilio and Gleick use velocity as an analytic tool/concept to understand post-contemporary society. Both writers trace the development of velocity through engineering. However, Virilio sees the development of velocity through war and Gleick analyses velocity through the development of # 8220 ; clip # 8221 ; . Virilio? s technological military determinism in? Speed and Politicss? illustrates how we lost awkwardness through engineering and farther more how it was developed for the intents, and from the logic, of war. In? Faster? , James Gleick provides context for the complexness of post-industrial life and its transmutation by engineering. He tries to specify our relationship with? clip? to understand post-contemporary society. He places our civilization # 8217 ; s infatuation with velocity into a context ; historically, technically, and psychologically. Gleick dissects clip, demoing us how the ability to mensurate clip in of all time more exact ways has affected us and the universe in which we live in. We will write a custom essay sample on Speed Of Time Essay Research Paper Virilio or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He claims: ? if we don? t understand clip, we become its victims? . Gleick and Virilio? s technological determinism illustrates that engineering, non humanity, is responsible for finding the way and development of human life. Virilio argues that the metropolis, political relations, civilization, human presence and values are disintegrating due to the speed/acceleration of life. ? We are riders of the empty circle who merely wish to get before they leave. Speed is a perfect will to impotence? . Virilio utilizations velocity as an analytic tool to speculate a post-contemporary society. He develops his post-structuralist review through the lens of his new methodological analysis, ? dromology? ; the scientific discipline, and survey of velocity. # 8220 ; Dromomatics # 8221 ; alters our perceptual experiences of velocity, examines the function of velocity in history and its of import maps in urban and societal life, warfare, the economic system, transit and communicating. ? In this unstable fiction velocity would all of a sudden go a fate, a force of advancement, in other words a # 8220 ; civilisation # 8221 ; in which each velocity would be something of a # 8220 ; faith # 8221 ; in clip? [ 141 ] . This # 8220 ; dromocratic revolution # 8221 ; involves agencies of manufacturing velocity with the steam engine, so the burning engine, and in our twenty-four hours atomic energy and instantaneous signifiers of warfare and communicating. Technology is used to construct the planetary war machine, ? the more velocity additions, the faster freedom lessenings? [ 142 ] . Harmonizing to Virilio the phenomenon of engineering came in big portion from the arsenal and war economic system. The writer? s construct of post-contemporary world is founded on the sociology of military engineering, which changes the modern-day perceptual experiences of infinite and clip. ? the transit capacity created by the mass production of automobilies [ ? ] can go a societal assault, a revolution sufficient and able to modify the citizen? s manner of life by transforming all the consumer? s demands, by wholly reconstructing a district? ? [ 26 ] . It is the disintegration of the societal. The conquering of the postmodern engineering of pure velocity as a war machine, one in which we are all processed: ? the mobilization of societies [ ? ] makes every citizen a war machine? [ 90 ] . Weapons of war are based on developing the velocity of onslaught. # 8220 ; Speed is the kernel of war # 8221 ; [ Sun Tzu ] . Military engineering, engineerings of representation, and new computing machine and information engineerings have constituted the post-contemporary. War intensified through engineering, which is accelerated by velocity. War is the centre of civilisation. ? The category battle is replaced by the battle of the technological organic structures of the ground forcess harmonizing to their dynamic efficiency? [ 48 ] . We are a civilization inclined towards extremism at a point where engineering appears to rush up as it approaches inactiveness. ? The treshold of velocity is continously shrinking, and the faster engine is beconig more and more hard to gestate of? [ 46 ] . Technologies of simultaneousness and coherency, maintain civilian society in a province of lasting mobilisation, driven by the competition for markets, resources and domains of influence. ? Revolution is motion, but motion is non revolution? [ 18 ] . Angstrom conflict for domination in the procedures of economic concentration, in which the foreparts, no longer pull up along national boundaries and between political systems, are defined by proficient criterions. A conflict in which the power of cognition is managed as a profitable monopoly of its distribution and airing. Bourgeois power is military even more than economic, but it relates most straight to the supernatural permanency of the province of besieging, to the visual aspect of bastioned towns. [ 11 ] Gleick traces the development of clip through engineering, ? merely in an age of velocity, can we halt clip? . He reveals how through technlogy clip has changed from the 2nd to the msec and eventually to nanosecond. ? During a nanosecond balls, chiropterans, slugs and droplets are motionless? [ 6 ] . The Directorate of Time, devised by the Defense Department, maintain s a Maestro Clock that sends its timely informations on the steady motions of # 8220 ; atomic beams in their vaults # 8221 ; to the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris. # 8220 ; The consequence is. . . the exact clip # 8212 ; by definition, by world-wide consensus and decree. # 8221 ; All of modern life ticks to that metronome. ? Humanity is now a species with one ticker, and this is it? . Gleick argues that before atomic redstem storksbills, cell phones, nanosecond computing machine velocities and telephone redial buttons, our seasonableness ware less compulsiv, . We could # 8220 ; pass # 8221 ; clip productively or non. Time passed while we were occupied or idle. # 8220 ; In clip, # 8221 ; things came to go through and passed off. In # 8220 ; era of the nanosecond? we waste clip, we gain it and lose it, we kill it, we budget and form it, we move from # 8220 ; existent clip # 8221 ; to # 8220 ; practical # 8221 ; clip. And every 2nd, disconnected second, microsecond, we are obsessed with # 8220 ; salvaging # 8221 ; clip. Once we learned what clip it was, mensurable to the millionth of a nanosecond, we could handle clip as a measure, a trade good to be bought, sold and invested. Societies running at different velocities produce different civilizations. . As the velocity of devices accelerates, we are retrained to faster beat. Waiting 10 seconds for an lift feels unacceptably long. We take our intelligence in fast-food bites, and even music, the art made of clip, is acquiring shorter. Classical Stationss seldom play an full symphonic music any more. The 1,440-minute twenty-four hours is non expandible, the mean American spends about as much clip per twenty-four hours make fulling out paperwork for the federal authorities ( 4 proceedingss ) as holding sex ( 4.5 proceedingss ) . Gleick inquiries what is # 8220 ; more # 8221 ; clip ; is it fuller or freer? Is clip saved when we manage to go forth it empty, or when we stuff it with multiple activities, utile or pleasant? The deductions of time-saving is that we # 8217 ; re in a haste ; we # 8217 ; ve got short attending spans ; everything # 8217 ; s traveling faster. Telecommunication has made the transportation of information easy and quick. Therefore, the outlook for the sum of work to be completed is higher. This development of clip has changed our perceptual experience and experience of the universe. Through fragmenting clip we have become more fragmented ourselves. We have all become adept at treating 1000000s of spots of information at the same time, multitasking. We extinguish all intermissions and seek to compact everything into a individual minute ; telecasting and wireless interviews are routinely compressed somewhat, to take the annoyance intermissions and holds of human address. We have become speed loanblends, guzzling espresso and working 18 hr yearss, invariably plugged into the Net and nomadic phone. Our eyes have adapted to more cuts per second, and our multitasking accomplishments have neer been sharper. Rushing and multitasking is a cultural upset. New engineerings, like caffeine or pep pills, are # 8220 ; additives for our engines. # 8221 ; We want to travel faster, think faster, and make several things at one time. Laborsaving and convenience-oriented technological inventions created in the involvement of spread outing free clip have done the face-to-face. We are now # 8220 ; accessible # 8221 ; both in and outside the workplace, reacting to the demands of machines. However, if we pause we become impatient, we are bored. We are intoxicated by velocity. Gleick places passion as the antonym of ennui and so topographic points it into a historical context. Boredom is a comparatively modern phenomenon: # 8220 ; The word ennui hardly existed even a century ago # 8221 ; [ 270 ] . The writer relates the construct of ennui to our cultural attack to clip. We relax at velocity, everlastingly seeking to grate off a few seconds here and at that place so we can acquire something else done because there? s neer adequate clip. This cultural acceleration is bring forthing a coevals of attention-deficit-speed monsters, a new race of multitasking superhumans, capable of at the same time downloading files, channel surfboarding, and composing electronic mail. Virilio? s Speed and Politicss and Gleick? s Faster are essay on our civilization # 8217 ; s experience of clip and velocity. Both books imply that we are populating in an information-culture and engineering is our faith. Virilio analyses how engineerings have been developed for the war economic system and gives an history how those engineerings have crept into and militarised civilian lives. He illustrates the mutuality between velocity, engineering, and war. Gleick? s speculation on haste illustrates how those engineerings hold altered our perceptual experience of clip, which in bend has altered the person? s construct of ego. We are in a haste. We are doing hastiness. A compaction of clip characterizes the post-contemporary society. Stress, an epinephrine roseola, and passion, are symptom of the velocity illness, a consequence of the rapid March of technological advancement. We hurry up and delay, in physicians # 8217 ; offices, traffic jams, airdrome Gatess, on clasp with the tech line. An inflexible networked system needs merely one bug, a delayed flight, to starts an grim rippling consequence that can turn into a ruinous tidal moving ridge. Bibliography virilio, velocity nad political relations and gleicks faster

Freedom of Speech Essay Example

Freedom of Speech Essay Example Freedom of Speech Essay Freedom of Speech Essay Mia Donte Knox En 1103-01 Ms. Kimbrough 29 June 2011 Freedom of Speech or Denial: An Analysis Of â€Å"Protecting Freedom of Expression on the Campus† The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. The amendment prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion, abridging the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press, interfering with the right to peaceably assemble or prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental redress of grievances. The article, â€Å"Protecting Freedom of Expression on The Campus,† by Derek Bok opens with a life changing scenario and information regarding the freedom of speech for those on the Harvard campus. Bok’s article voices his opinion about the First Amendment and should it make it okay to act upon racist acts, such as those that occurred on Harvard’s campus. As Bok stated in his essay, â€Å"two students hung Confederate flags in public view, upsetting students who equate the Confederacy with slavery. A third student tried to protest the flags by displaying a swastika† (Bok 172). This incident brought about many discussions and disagreements among many people on and off the campus. Bok writes a very sufficient and informative article by using pathos, ethos, and logos frequently. Bok’s article is strongly opinionated, even though it lacks concrete facts. He states many passionate points, making the reader more open to things he says in his work and to help understand how he personally feels about the essay. The way he states his opinion gives the reader room to feel the way he or she would like, but never forgetting his own voice. He uses pathos to appeal to the emotion of his readers. : By using words such as regret and stating that he completely shares the view of those who feel as if, â€Å"hanging a Confederate flag in public view or displaying a swastika in response is insensitive and unwise because any satisfaction it gives to the students who display these symbols is far outweighed by the discomfort is causes many others† (Bok 172). He portrays to the reader that he cares and does not approve of such heinous acts and allows the reader to feel him through these words. â€Å"Protecting Freedom of Expression on The Campus† shows that Bok possess ethos by showing he knows the law of the land and the guidelines of the school. Bok states in his essay â€Å" under the Supreme Court’s ruling, as I read them, the display of swastikas or Confederate flags clearly falls within the protection of the free-speech clause of the First Amendment and cannot be forbidden simply because it offends the feelings of many members of the community. This one statement gave him a certain right to speak. Bok’s essay is written with lots of logos in the way he states the things he knows and how he feels. Facts and opinions are a vital part of this article, seeing that it was written to appeal and inform. His various statements such as â€Å"although it is unclear to what extent the First Amendment is enforceable against private institutions, I have difficulty understanding why a university such as Harvard should have less free speech than the surrounding society or that of a public university† (Bok 173), â€Å"the fact that speech is protected by the First Amendment does not necessarily mean that it is right, proper, or civil† (Bok 172) Bok uses his opinions backed by a few facts from his own knowledge to help persuade the reader to agree with his viewpoints brought forth. Protecting Freedom of Expression on The Campus† by Derek Bok is written based upon his own beliefs, facts, and some research. Bok’s article, however, lacks credibility due to the fact of his limited facts to back his own opinions. Although his essay fails to prove ethos without any substantial documentation, he comes close to making up for it with his passionate appeal to readers and his relevant, but not concrete data. His main source is his own opinion and beliefs from what he has seen, heard, or experienced himself. So even though Bok article is a very good one, his lack of sources makes his statements questionable. Work Cited Bok, Derek. â€Å"Protecting Freedom of Expression on The Campus. † Forming a Critical Perspective. Eds. Ann Spurlock, et al. Boston: Pearson Learning Solutions, 2010. 267-270. Print.

A Model of International Company that Trades with Lubricants Term Paper

A Model of International Company that Trades with Lubricants - Term Paper Example A multinational company is a company that conducts its trade between two or more countries. To conduct the business, a set of rules and regulation are laid down by international organizations and the countries where these organization conduct business. One common effect is the fluctuation of different currencies. The volatility affects the profitability of international trade. Also due to the currency volatility, there is a very high probability of the traders incurring loses on future sales. The formation of any multinational company is rigorous and most of the companies are run as joint ventures, mergers between two companies, private limited companies, public limited companies, licensing agreements among others. Corporate finance deals with the making of an appropriate financial decision for the company. These decisions are made using analytical tools. These tools help in the maximization of corporate value and in the management of the firm's financial risks. The decision made may be classified as short term or long term. Long term decisions involve capital investments decisions while short term decisions involve managing the working capital. Financial risk management, aids in evaluations of risks and developing strategies to manage these risks. In risk evaluation, the nature of the risk is determined by evaluating the impact of the exchange fluctuation on the corporation and the nature of the currency one is trading with. Risks can be managed/hedged using financial instruments. These instruments include interest rates, commodity prices, stock prices, and foreign exchange rates. The most effective way to manage financial risk is by the use of derivatives that trade on the financial markets. These derivatives are traded using instruments such as futures contract, Forwards contracts, swaps, and options.

Animation Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Animation Question - Essay Example It is an improvement from 5 drawings because it includes a number of activities. It implies that the character could be having substantial weight (Ratner, 295). It allows the audience to see the character undertake preparations for jumping. At seven drawings, the character is held in the midair. The action creates suspense in the animation, which is a significant aspect of literature. The scenario is an improvement from 15 drawings. It allows the audience to view additional activities. It allows the audience to substantiate the weight of the audience. First, movement of the coyote can be easily noticed as walking or running (Ratner, 295). It then lowers itself down swiftly in order to prepare to jump. It then exposes itself in the air to jump. The coyote successfully suspends itself in the air to create an effect to viewers. The timing also allows the audience to study the relative speeds of the coyote and

History and Archives Essay Example for Free

History and Archives Essay She was born in Moscow, Russia and spent all her childhood and most of her young years in the Soviet Union. She went to school in Moscow from 1973 to 1983, for 10 years. At school she was very interested in history especially in ancient history. She loved to read books about history of Egypt, Italy and Mexico and also started to develop an interest in how the people live in different countries and why they all are different in some ways and the same in other ways. During her childhood every summer she went to different camps, where she met new people from different republics (that now after the crash of the USSR they are all different countries. In 1983 she was admitted to Moscow Order of Honor State University of History and Archives. She was there for 6 years and received a Diploma for Master of History and Archival Science. While at the University she witnessed the last years of the Great Empire of the Soviet Union and its Collapse. She saw how people started to change when their lives were drastically changed by Perestroika. She saw how families collapsed under the strains of a new social and economic system which imposed new financial hardship and drastic even overnight changes in societal norms. She saw how children from those families reacted to escalating divorce rates and how their lives changed for the worse. Deep interest in history and cultures of different countries led her to explore on human behavior, their similarities and differences. †¢ Having grown up in a totalitarian system and experiencing the perceived freedoms we enjoy here, she have an appreciation for issues related to how human beings deal with different pressures and expectations. †¢ In the time that she was with people from other cultural backgrounds, she developed a great appreciation for the differences in cultural traditions and social behavior. †¢ She pursued this interest and took up a master’s course in History and Archival Science. †¢ As she witnessed the tragic collapse of her nation, she saw how society as a whole abandoned the notion of Social responsibility and any feelings of obligation to others that were mandated by the government at one time were replaced with a vacuum that left many in search of a new vision of their place in society. †¢ She observed how people react when their dreams and expectations taste the bitterness of reality and adjust to changes and stress and most of the times take up the negative route and enter into alcoholism, drug abuse, prostitution, felony. Personality The collapse of society happened almost overnight. It was shocking to her that the transformation of millions within such a short time, and to the extent of that transformation. Unfortunately it did not getting better; in fact it started to affect her. She now faced to adapt to her changing environment after adhering so closely to my traditional beliefs of honor and respect. Later she adapted to a new marriage and followed her spouse to the US. The move to the US was a very drastic change for her at that time. A totally different country, traditions, language and social norms. She had some difficult time in adjusting and understanding that country. Yet another adaptation was required of her. Her daughter was born and once again she was entering a different world with no guidance. She found her â€Å"loving† husband of 20 years cheating on her with another woman. This was not what she expected in the least. Her life made no sense. Her beliefs that were honed for so many years were critically tasked. This new information made the pathways in her brain over taxed. This was not what she could accept. But she had too. There was no other reality. Still it took her years to grasp with that reality. Much as others deal with change she had trouble. It was her dispassionate belief that with coaching, that people could deal with a fast changing environment, including a new economic and social reality. She ended with a divorce. She then even had to adjust and live with the situation when her little girl was taken from her based on fraudulent allegations that swayed a person (one of many) who was the judge. Her heart was cut; she was drowning in ocean of emotions, and ones again in her life for the purpose to survive. †¢ After the collapse of her nation, she began reading books on psychology, philosophy and religion, in order to adjust to the drastic change and realized that adaptation was the greatest tool that humans possessed. †¢ For the purpose of dealing with the new challenges confronting her after the birth of her daughter, she began to educate herself through reading in order to learn more about the child development and psychology. †¢ When she found her husband cheating on her, she could not accept it. But she had too. There was no other reality. She took years to grasp with that reality. She faced troubles initially but dispassionately believed that with coaching, that people can deal with a fast changing environment, including a new economic and social reality. †¢ To get through her divorce, she returned to reading books on psychology and started to speak with counselors and therapists. She learned an incredible amount of practical applications of behavioral and cognitive tools she could use to adapt to this latest crisis. By reading and learning more she developed the desire to help and support people who face change and find it hard to adapt. She learnt enough to allow her to make a greater impact on how to teach people from an early age to handle change and look for ways to adapt that benefit society has a whole. She realized that her way, she and many others can adapt to new environmental stresses can and must be influenced by people who can motivate people who can show them how to deal with situations that were never expected. Whether it is dealing with a Cultural Revolution, and actual revolution, a great upheaval, a great loss, or a custody battle in a divorce or more recently fuel prices that will effect the poor’s heating in Northern states, peoples’ financial stresses; people need to have help in guiding them through these transitions, and she wanted to make a difference in this way. She understood how different people are and how the behaviors of various groups are allowed to flourish. This dichotomy intrigued her as it would seem that a healthy society had to strike for some balance. She loved to explore the issue at greater length and have some guidance in understanding socio-psychological issues. She was not so much interested in pathology as she was in theoretical psychology of social norms and patterns along with how to setup systems to manage the needs of individuals along with the pressures of societal needs and peaceful coexistence. She wished to use adaptation tool to grow as a person. She looked for something to help her on this journey and I thought a respected school and her desire together could be used to help other’s who have undergone serious social stresses in life, while maintaining a positive social framework in which they can function. In this way she was on her way to growth. References Pavlov, â€Å"Conditioned Reflex† (1903), [Internet], Available at http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bhpavl. html, Accessed on: 3 August 2009 Skinner,† The Behavior of Organism† (1936), [Internet], Available athttp://www. pbs. org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bhskin. html, Accessed: on 3 August 2009

Becoming A Doctor :: essays research papers fc

Becoming A Doctor A doctor is someone who can help someone else in need. There are many types of doctors, ranging from general pediatricians to specialists. They are respected people and are looked to when something is wrong. Everyone needs a doctor at some point, so doctors are very much in demand. I am interested in this career because I like to help people. Also, it pays well so I can live off the salary. Another reason is because many of my relatives are doctors, nurses, or dentists. Even though school and training are very hard, it pays off in the end, when someone can make a difference in someone's life. I am not sure if I would like to be a pediatrician, or a specialist. Specialists probably earn more money, but do not do as much, and are required to learn more. I do not think I will want to be a surgeon, because cutting people open and taking things out does not seem very appealing. To become a doctor, one must endure a lot of training and education. In college, one must study courses to prepare for medicine, such as biology, chemistry, and some advanced mathematics. It generally takes seven to eight years to finish his education. The first four years, one would take pre-med. classes. Then it's on to medical school, where for four years one learns about the area of medicine one chooses. After medical school, about one year of internship is needed. Then he becomes a resident and practice medicine under supervision of a senior doctor. All together, it is about 11 years before one actually become an independent doctor. Doctors will always be needed. Because of this, and because of the population growth, doctors will always be in demand and the profession will continue to grow. This way, a doctor will be unemployed less, and will be more secure, financially. A doctor can earn from $60,000 to $700,000. Pediatricians and doctors at free clinics earn the least, although they are probably the most needed. There are many doctors that want to help children, so they become pediatricians, even if they earn a little less than others. Specialists earn a little more, from $90,000 to $200,000. These specialists range from neurologists, dermatologists, and urologists to cardiologists. Of course, the ones that are in need will earn more. The doctors that earn the most are surgeons. Doctors that perform tonsillectomies will earn less than plastic surgeons, and plastic surgeons will earn less than cardiovascular surgeons and neurosurgeons. Anesthesiologists, who give the patients shots during surgery, earn around $250,000 a year.

Is It Possible for Organizations Operating in Dynamic Environments to Achieve Person-Organisational Fit to Improve Organizational Effectiveness?

Today we live in a world where change is inevitable. Organisations today face dynamic environments characterized by substantial and often unpredictable technological, political and economic changes. The key to survival and succeeding is adaptation, in dynamic environments often an organisations only option is to literally â€Å"do or die† with regard to change. Tyagi & Gupta (2005) indicates that the central point of personal and organisational effectiveness is a sense of being able to make contributions and make somewhat of a difference in any way possible. As individuals we feel content and fulfilled when we make positive contributions to our communities, families and organisations. Similarly organisations can only achieve their potential when they positively impact the lives of various stakeholders and related entities. However the opportunity to contribute only arises if there is a fit between what people want to achieve and what the organisation wants to achieve. Thus creating a fit between the person and organisation allow both to be effective. In the past few years the concept of Person-Organizational fit (P-O) has been in a state of flux, with many theorists putting forward conflicting views on the conceptualization of fit, its measurements and its boundaries. In the broad sense of the word it is defined as the compatibility between the person and the organisation (Li, 2006). As many organisations operate in dynamic environments; many changes take place and organizations have to cope with these changes by adapting their business and strategies to the turbulent environments. This essay goes on to explore the effects the changes mention have on the P-O fit and if dynamic environment allow organisations to achieve person-organisational fit in order to enhance and reach organisational effectiveness. According to evidence it can be seen that it is possible to achieve P-O fit in dynamic environments however it would not be the ideal tool to implement to improve effectiveness due to the evolving nature of the environment as it hinders growth and discourages innovation which would not lead to organizational effectiveness (Tyagi & Gupta, 2005). P-O fit refers to the extent to which and individual and the employing organization are compatible. There are however many definitions that have been put forward over the years such as value congruence (O’Reilly et al. , 1991), Goal congruence (Vancouver et al. , 1994), needs and supplies demand abilities (Edwards,1991) in addition a personality-climate fit (Ryan and Schmit, 1996). However the most commonly used definition is the value congruence perspective. Verquer et al (2003) value congruence as the extent to which individual and organizational values match. Rynes and Gerhart have gone a step further and pointed out that the P-O fit is more than a mere match, as it usually implies a sense of chemistry (Bellou, 2009). Another way of conceptualising the compatibility between the person and organisation uses the distinction between supplementary and complementary fit. Supplementary fit occurs when a person supplements or possesses characteristics that are similar to other individuals in an environment. This congruence can be differentiated between complementary fit, which occurs when a person’s characteristics make whole the environment or add to what is missing (Tyagi & Gupta, 2005). Further more Cable and Parsons (2001) states that P-O fit is a crucial factor in maintaining a flexible workforce and creating a high degree of organizational commitment in a tight labour market and a competitive business environment. Supporters of P-O fit state that the construct is crucial in the study of organizational effectiveness because it has made improvements to the traditional view of matching skills, knowledge and abilities in predicting if an individual will be successful in a particular organization (Chuang & Sackett, 2005). Ambrose et al, 2008 posit that individuals whose values will result in positive contributions to organizational effectiveness and lower turnover. These models may be under the assumption of static environments; one must apply the dynamic nature of the current environments organisations operate in today. Kammeyer-Mueller (2007) proclaims that even though static and dynamic perspectives are portrayed as mutually exclusive alternatives, they need not be opposed to one another. Research goes on to show that constant external shocks injected into the organisations may result in changes been implemented that affects the P-O fit. These changes may sometimes lead to negative results such as turnover and intention to leave as the employees feel they no longer â€Å"fit† with the organisation. In addition Chatman et al (2008, p. 64) notes that, because a lack of congruence is aversive, â€Å"misfits† are unlikely to remain with that organization. There are also instances when individuals no longer are compatible or unhappy with the fit between the organisations and themselves due to adaptations the company undergoes however choose to remain with the organisation solely because they have no other job options. In instances where â€Å"misfits† remain as they perceive that it is their only choice they bring about many negative aspects into the organisation such as demotivation, low commitment, this is mainly because they try to overcompensate and manipulate the work input output equation to fill the missing void. On the other hand the Social identity theory suggests that another mechanism by which individual dispositions might influence fit within a dynamic context. The social identity argues that the self-concept is a patchwork of various identities, such as demography, occupation, organization, department and workgroup which provide proscriptions for behaviour (Ashworth & Johnson, 2001). It also states that depending on the pressures applied the identity a person adopts will differ. This however does not change the fact that the individual still has within himself or herself, the same core set of identities. Interestingly at least in Oriental Chinese societies, leaders or managers may change their leader behaviours to create a better person-organisation value fit. This study shows that behaviours have positive effects on person-organisational fit. A crucial finding in this study was that even among employees who have been below average O-P fit can be influenced in terms of motivation commitment and trust in their leader by leader behaviours. For example employees working under high team oriented leaders had higher motivation and commitment and trust compared to those under low team oriented leaders. This goes on to show that even though the dynamic environment may affect and the person-organisation fit and sometimes lowers the P-O value fit , organisations can still effectively operate and manage those employees with the proper management and leadership methods (Li, 2006). However this method might not an appropriate universal method to implement as business environments vary across nations due to cultural, legal and other aspects that are followed. However the P-O fit may not be in the best interest of the organization at times and lead to negative results. For example, extremely high levels of person-organization value fit may lead to high levels of conformity and homogeneity. High levels of conformity and homogeneity will bring about a range of adverse effects which may hinder the success of the organisation, by making the organisation and its members far less adaptable to the changes surging in the dynamic environment as well as less innovative (Li, 2006). Some evidence even go to the extent of pointing out that organisations with slight internal variation in employees perspective lead to better performance in the short run but worse in the long run , presumably as a result of inferior adaptation (Li, 2006). Person-Organisation Fit in theory sounds like a tool that should be implemented by every organisation. Taking a closer look one can see that even though initially achieving a fit will lead to organisational effectiveness in the long run it will cause the organisation more harm than good. This is due to the fact that organisation operating in dynamic environments thrives on adaptability and innovation which is opposed by the negative by products of long term P-0 which include homogeneity and high levels of conformity. This does not mean that the concept of P-O should be completely ignored as evidence shows that it has a greater impact on individuals in an organisations resulting in positive results in comparison to organisations as a whole. In an ideal situation the individuals should adapt with the environment and perceive the changes as a learning experience to mould them to achieve the best, keeping in mind that sometime change is the key.

Oral Care Major Players Launch Growth - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 4017 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? MARKET REPORT Oral care: Major players launch growth-driving products USA Positive performances by all oral care categories led to market growth of 5% in 2007. Toothpastes and mouthwashes grew by 3% and 8% respectively, while whitening treatments posted growth of 10% – a turnaround from the decline of previous years. All categories have bene? ted from product launches. Education in the category continues to revolve around the link between oral care and overall health. For example, Colgate-Palmolive partnered with health insurer Aetna and numerous drug chains to offer an education programme on preventive dental care and its link to general wellbeing. Also, in September 2007, GSK, the American Dental Association (ADA) and the ADA Foundation debuted the Oral Longevity programme, designed to increase oral health awareness in older adults. Market Review US †¢ New products lead to growth in all categories †¢ In? ux of products from foreign marketers †¢ Technological innovation aids upturn of whitening strip sales Canada †¢ Toothpastes and mouthwashes grow, while sales of whitening treatments are ? t Toothpastes Toothpaste sales grew by 3% in 2007. Products made with natural ingredients continue to be successful, according to industry sources. Private label sales are minor. In June 2007, the FDA advised consumers to avoid using toothpastes manufactured in China, as many that had been imported from the country were found to contain poi sonous chemical diethylene glycol. Some of the counterfeits were falsely labelled as Colgate, but other major brands were not impacted and so the situation is unlikely to have hindered overall growth. USA and Canada: Oral care categories 2005-2007 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Oral Care: Major Players Launch Growth" essay for you Create order USA US$mn Toothpastes Mouthwashes Whitening treatments Total Canada Toothpastes Mouthwashes Whitening treatments Total 163. 5 75. 9 32. 6 272. 1 173. 9 82. 0 30. 7 286. 5 178. 8 86. 9 30. 4 296. 0 2005 1,619. 1 721. 9 298. 8 2,639. 8 2006 1,635. 3 772. 5 265. 9 2,673. 6 2007 1,690. 5 834. 9 291. 3 2,816. 8 The competitive environment Crest continues to battle with Colgate for the category’s No. 1 spot. Crest grew by 8% and takes roughly a third of category sales. The growth was largely thanks to sales of its Pro-Health toothpaste, which more than trebled to reach $95mn. The presentation bene? ed from a category-leading adspend of $69mn. Crest Pro-Health tackles cavities, gingivitis, plaque, sensitivity, stains, tartar build-up and bad breath. Education about the brand informs consumers about the links between oral care and overall wellbeing. Meanwhile, industry sources stated that the Pro-Health Night arm of the range, launched in September 2007, has proved popular with consum ers. It is positioned to tackle bacteria through the night. Source: Nicholas Hall’s Insight, sales via all retail outlets, full year 2007 (MSP), applies to following tables and references to sales data in the text unless otherwise stated. Canadian data based on exchange rate of US$mn: C$mn – 0. 9870, published in the UK Financial Times on 1 January 2008 Simpli? yle 6 MARCH 2008 63 ORAL CARE Crest Whitening Plus Scope grew by 8% to $138mn. However, sales of Crest Whitening Expressions fell by 18% to $68mn. Crest Extra White Plus Scope was launched in September 2007 with the â€Å"Smile Bright in the Spotlight† competition, which offered the chance to host the People’s Choice Awards show with presenter Ryan Seacrest. PG spent around $35mn advertising Crest Nature’s Expressions – introduced in April 2007 – which includes natural ingredients. The brand is for consumers â€Å"who want to experience natural ingredients but whose preference indicates a strong loyalty to brands with established heritage† according to Diane Dietz, general manager of PG’s North American oral care business. Crest Healthy Radiance Toothpaste System is available to consumers from March 2008. It comprises toothpaste and weekly deep clean strips, to strengthen enamel and whiten teeth. The system is targeted at women who want to achieve a healthy and attractive smile with one product. Sales of Colgate – which take around a third of category dollars – remained ? at despite the range being developed. Growth may have been hindered, in part, by concerns over counterfeit toothpaste falsely labelled as Colgate, which was found in some discount stores in June 2007. In 2007, Colgate-Palmolive launched premium-priced Total Advanced Clean. It contains silica – to polish teeth – and an antibacterial formula that creates a protective germ? ghting coating. The launch was supported by professional sampling and advertising featuring actress Brooke Shields. Also, in April 2007, the Max Fresh range was extended with Burst presentations, infused with â€Å"50% more breath strips† than the regular version, according to the company. A+P review: Leading US oral care adspends 2007 Brand Marketer US$mn Crest Listerine Colgate Aquafresh Rembrandt Sensodyne Arm Hammer ACT Orajel* SmartMouth PG McNeil / JJ Colgate-Palmolive GSK Personal Products / JJ GSK Church Dwight Chattem Del Laboratories Triumph Pharmaceuticals 204. 1 97. 1 55. 8 46. 1 22. 0 19. 2 13. 2 8. 6 4. 5 4. 2 *Toothpaste only. Does not include adspend for oral pain SKUs Source: TNS Media Intelligence, 12 months to 30 September 2007, taken from the top 50 adspends of dental care presentations. Applies to all references to adspends in the text It was supported with an adspend of close to $8mn and promoted by Hispanic musician Tito el Bambino. GSK offers Aquafresh and Sensodyne. Aquafresh – which takes around 8% of category dollars – grew by 10% to $142m. This was aided by three product launches – Aquafresh Advanced is positioned as a multi-bene? t toothpaste, while Iso-active creates microscopic bubbles during brushing that penetrate hard-to-reach areas. Lastly, Aquafresh White Shine was launched in 2007 and carries claims not only to whiten, but also to contain microbuffers that polish teeth. After an initial bout of consumer interest surrounding its launch in 2006, Aquafresh Extreme Clean declined by 13% to $42mn. Sensodyne sales were ? at at $76mn. The brand’s two most recent additions, ProNamel and Full Protection, were supported with adspends of over $16mn and nearly $3mn respectively. The rest of the line has been repackaged. Following Colgate-Palmolive’s purchase of Tom’s of Maine in 2006, its toothpaste range has grown by 6%, fuelled by ongoing demand for natural products. Packaging has been updated to make the speci? c bene? s of each toothpaste clearer. In December 2007, Natural Clean Gentle toothpastes were launched, including SKUs for whitening and dry mouth. Sensitive Care Antiplaque toothpaste is IRI market facts: US OTC oral care 2007 (RSP) Category Toothpastes Mouthwashes Whitening treatments Sales $mn 1,260. 4 684. 0 242. 3 % change +2. 9 +8. 4 +11. 0 Source: Information Resources Inc, sales in food, drug and mass merchandise outlets (excludes Wal-Mart), 52 weeks to 30 December 2007 Simpli? yle 6 64 MARCH 2008 MARKET REPORT Paediatric presentations There were several developments in OTC oral care for children in 2007. Colgate-Palmolive, which markets a range of paediatric toothpastes, partnered with Reading is Fundamental to offer the â€Å"Healthy Bedtime Habits for a Lifetime† programme, in which families can use online tools to create a bedtime rituals log. Vi-Jon Laboratories has launched Inspector Hector. The brand comprises two products – Inspector Hector Plaque Detector, a pre-brush rinse that turns plaque blue so that children know where to brush, and Inspector Hector Tooth Protector, a ? uoride rinse. Meanwhile, Dr Fresh recently launched Fire? y MouthSwoosh, which has a light-up timer cap that ? ashes for 30 seconds, the recommended amount of time to use the product each session. In April 2007, all bottles of McNeil / JJ’s Listerine Agent Cool Blue rinse were recalled after it was found that the product’s â€Å"preservative system [was] not adequate against certain microorganisms†. The company is re-entering the paediatric market in March 2008 with Listerine Smart Rinse, an anti-cavity ? uoride rinse. In terms of toothpastes, Aim Kids for 6-10 year olds was launched in July 2007. Unlike many paediatric toothpastes, the brand does not use a licensed cartoon character, which enables Church Dwight to maintain the low pricing of the value-based range. Meanwhile, Crest has extended the trend of unusual ? avours to its children’s Wild Expressions toothpaste, with Burstin’ Bubblegum and Cinnsational Swirl. another new addition, to be rolled out in the ? rst half of 2008. Both new ranges contain patent-pending ingredient glycyrrhizin, from puri? ed licorice, which provides a natural foaming experience, according to the company. Church Dwight ? elds Arm Hammer, Mentadent, Aim and Close-Up. The company is set to launch Arm Hammer Age Defying toothpaste in 2008, which is positioned to strengthen teeth and repair damage caused by whitening products. Rembrandt sales were ? at in the reporting period. The brand was relaunched and repackaging following its purchase by Personal Products / JJ from Gillette in October 2005. Its A+P targets young people, using a traveling store that hosted makeover parties and concerts. Availability of Pierre Fabre’s pharmacy toothpaste, Elgydium, is being extended to the US by the French company’s US subsdiary, Sante Active. Elgydium whitening and anti-cavity toothpastes, plus four toothbrush models, will be sold in pharmacies and online. Swedish cosmetic company Ori? ame has also made a foray into the US oral care market with OptiFresh, a toothpaste formulated with sea algae rich in zinc, iron, calcium and phosphor that helps â€Å"remineralise† tooth enamel. Other launches include BreathRx Sensitive Formula (Discus Dental) and Healthy Teeth Gums toothpaste line (The Natural Dentist). Prospects Natural products and ? avouring innovations are set to remain popular. Industry insiders cite toothpastes with multiple bene? s and products positioned for the ageing population as drivers of future growth. Mouthwashes Mouthwashes continue to perform well, posting growth of 8%. Private labels claim around 11% of sales and grew by 5%. Niche products are partly responsible for the overall growth, as more breath fresheners and dry mouth presentations have been launched. Additionally, innovative positioning, such as extolling the bene? ts of using mouthwash at night, has proved successful. In company news, Chattem announced in May 2007 that it was to acquire the rights to ACT mouthwash in Western Europe and trademark rights worldwide. Prior to this, Chattem acquired US rights to ACT from JJ, which divested the brand as a condition of its buyout of P? zer CH. The competitive environment Listerine takes half of category sales and managed 7% growth. The launch of Listerine Tooth Defense – in March 2007 – added $21mn sales to the brand. The ? uoride Simpli? yle 6 MARCH 2008 65 ORAL CARE rinse strengthens teeth and prevents cavities, a departure from Listerine’s usual positioning of reducing plaque and gingivitis. This was a welcome boost, considering a 13% decline in sales of Listerine Whitening to $44mn. McNeil spent $97mn on press, radio and TV ads for the brand. The company also markets Listerine PocketPaks. PG’s collection of Crest mouthwashes generated $104mn in 2007 and grew by 35%. Crest Pro-Health Rinse increased by 16% to $80mn. As with the ProHealth toothpaste, the rinse has been extended with a nighttime presentation. Meanwhile, sales of Crest Whitening Rinse trebled to $24mn in 2007. PG also ? elds Scope, which posted a decline of 6%. The launch of Scope White mouthwash, which has been promoted with TV ads, may revitalise the brand. Declining sales of ACT’s core presentation were offset by the strong performance of ACT Restoring mouthwash. Chattem launched a 33oz version of ACT Restoring in March 2007. The larger bottle has a lower ? uoride dose compared to the original 18oz size (? uoride sodium 0. 02% vs ? uoride sodium 0. 05%). This is owing to regulations limiting the amount of ? uoride allowed in a single bottle. As a result, consumers are instructed to use the 33oz version of the mouthwash twice a day as opposed to once. The brand is supported by year-round TV, press and in-store ads. ACT was formerly part of Personal Products / JJ’s oral care portfolio, which includes the Reach dental accessories range. When JJ owned both of these brands, a version of the mouthwash called Reach ACT Restoring was available but following ACT’s divestment to Chattem, SKUs under this name are no longer in production. BreathRx – launched in 2006 – grew by 81% to around $8mn. Discus Dentals has added Sensitive Formula Mouth Rinse to the range, along with numerous new SKUs including toothpaste. The new products are formulated with trademarked ingredient, Zytex, which contains thymol, eucalyptus oil and zinc. Meanwhile, the TheraBreath Starter Kit was rolled out by Dr Harold USA: Mouthwash / rinse shares 2007 Listerine 50% McNeil / JJ Crest 13% Procter Gamble Scope 7% Procter Gamble ACT* 4% Chattem Colgate 2% Colgate-Palmolive Biotene 2% Laclede Others, inc PLs 22% *excludes $14mn sales of Reach ACT Restoring †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Katz in January 2008. Each box contains TheraBreath rinse, toothpaste, ? oss strips, chewing gum, dry mouth breath mints, a tongue cleaner and a Fresh Breath Guide. The kit was promoted with â€Å"Try Me Free† rebate offer. Additionally, the Healthy Gums Oral Rinse formula (The Natural Dentist) has been updated to contain 100% natural ingredients. The company is extending the brand with an anticavity ? uoride rinse in April 2008. Alva-Amco’s Theradent has been extended with a teeth desensitising oral rinse – the ? rst OTC rinse to treat oral sensitivity, according to the company. SmartMouth (Triumph Pharmaceuticals) is also available. The National Advertising Division recently substantiated Triumph’s claim that SmartMouth â€Å"prevents bad breath for 12 hours (12 x more than any competitor). In terms of dry mouth rinses, Biotene rinse grew by 16% to $16mn. This was partially owing to the introduction of Oral Balance Liquid in 2006, which is packaged in a squirt bottle for convenience. GSK competes in the segment with Oasis mouthwash and mouthspray. In April, DiabEase Dead Sea Mineral mouth rinse (Masada Health Beauty Corp) was launched, to ease dry mouth and oral symptoms associa ted with diabetes, while Rain Dry Mouth Spray (Xlear) followed in July. Sales of antiseptic oral cleansers have suffered. GSK’s Glyoxide declined by 57% to under $5mn and Colgate Simpli? yle 6 66 MARCH 2008 MARKET REPORT Per-Oxyl fell by 8% to $9mn. Such products have strong competition from high-priced speciality items that incorporate new technology, such as canker sore discs (see Market Report, November 2007, pp301-302). USA: Whitening treatment shares 2007 Crest Whitestrips 55% Procter Gamble Aquafresh White Trays 12% GSK Rembrandt 12% Personal Products / JJ Listerine Whitening 8% McNeil / JJ Private labels 8% †¢ †¢ †¢ Prospects Niche products, such as those for dry mouth, will continue to drive growth, while innovative positioning will encourage consumers to use mouthwash more often within their daily regime. †¢ †¢ Whitening treatments A ? urry of new products has revived the whitening category, with sales increasing by 10%. In particular, products that make the whitening process quicker and easier have enhanced sales. Whitening treatments have also started to incorporate bene? ts traditionally associated with toothpastes and mouthwashes, such as tartar protection and h alitosis prevention. Others 5% Sales of Rembrandt fell by 32% to $34mn, despite an adspend of over $5mn. The range comprises whitening kits, strips and a touch-up pen. In July 2007, JJ launched Listerine Whitening Quick Dissolving Strips, which have since had sales of $22mn. The strips use multi-layer technology that releases hydrogen peroxide to whiten teeth. It also carries claims to kill bad breath germs. New products from large marketers have hampered sales of smaller brands. White Light (Telebrands) has declined by 77%, while Wellquest Ionic fell by 68%. Plus White (CCA Industries) has managed 15% growth, thanks, in part, to updating. Plus White Kits contain a more comfortable mouthpiece, while the 5-minute Speed Whitening Gel is now available for sensitive teeth. Church Dwight is to launch Arm Hammer Whitening Booster in 2008, a tube-based high peroxide formula intended for daily use in addition to toothpaste. Belgium-based company Remedent has announced plans to bring new technology to the US whitening treatment segment. It will begin shipping iWhite, a light activated teeth-whitening kit, to CVS stores in April 2008. The competitive environment Crest Whitestrips continue to lead, taking over half of category dollars. However, the brand has declined by 6% to $160mn, partially owing to increased competition. Crest Whitestrips had an adspend of around $70mn, over half of which went towards the Daily Multicare variant. The company has continued the â€Å"Brightest Five Minutes of your Day† campaign, which encourages consumers to incorporate the strips into their daily regimes. PG is extending its whitening treatments with Crest Whitestrips Daily Whitening Plus Tartar Protection, expected in stores in March 2008. The strips are positioned to protect against the build-up of tartar, as well as whiten and protect against everyday stains. GSK entered the whitening treatments category in Q1 2007 with Aquafresh White Trays, which posted ales of $35mn. The trays are pre-dosed with hydrogen peroxide solution 10% and are ? exible to provide a custom ? t. GSK has spent $23mn promoting the brand, which has already been extended with Aquafresh White Trays Revive, a touch-up whitening product to be used between whitening treatments. Prospects Innovative technology that makes whitening quicker and easier will continue to be the key growth driver. Products with additional bene? ts and the introduction of SKUs that complement whitening treatments, such as Aquafresh White Trays Revive, are also avenues for growth. Simpli? yle 6 MARCH 2008 67 ORAL CARE Canada The OTC oral care market – toothpastes, mouthwashes and whitening treatments – continued its steady single-digit growth in 2007, advancing by 3%. Hardware such as toothbrushes is not included in our topline ? gures. Marketers have employed education initiatives to attract consumers to the OTC oral care market. PG promotes Crest and Oral-B as part of its Teeth For Life campaign, which aims to raise awareness of the importance of oral health and raise funds to support Dentistry Canada. Meanwhile, the fourth Listerine Gingivitis week was hosted in June 2007 in conjunction with the Canadian Dental Hygienists Association. about toothpastes from China containing diethylene glycol and ordered retailers to remove all toothpastes from the country off their shelves. Also, Neem Active Toothpaste With Calcium (Calcutta Chemical Co) – manufactured in India – was recalled in July 2007 as it also contained DEG, along with harmful bacteria. Although the brand was not approved for sale in Canada, it was found in some stores. The competitive environment Colgate-Palmolive is one of the key players and it launched Colgate Visible White toothpaste – formulated with peroxide – in summer 2007. The company claims that it not only removes surface stains but also deep stains which have penetrated below the surface. Consumers are expected to be able to notice results within two weeks of use. The launch was supported by the â€Å"Rede? ne White – Rede? ne You† competition, the grand prize for which is a professional makeover and a female-oriented gift pack, demonstrating that the brand is targeted at women. TV ads have also been used to promote Colgate Visible White. Colgate Max Fresh is also now marketed in Canada in tubes or squeezable bottles. Both formats include mini breath freshening strips which are embedded in the paste. Advertising is targeted at young people. For example, the purple-coloured Kiss Me Mint variant, in peppermint and berry ? avour, invites consumers to â€Å"be tempting† which it says is about â€Å"attitude† and â€Å"dancing until dawn†. Max Fresh Burst toothpaste, with â€Å"50% more breath strips†, is new to the range; advertising highlights the added freshness that the toothpaste creates. The Colgate toothpaste range also includes Luminous, to reinforce enamel layers, Sparkling White, Tartar Control, Cavity Protection, Sensitive Whitening and children’s toothpastes. PG markets a selection of toothpastes in the Crest range including Whitening Expressions, Vivid White, Toothpaste Sales of toothpastes grew by 3%, largely thanks to a double-digit advance by presentations for sensitive teeth. Toothpastes for this condition are now the most lucrative type and grew by 16% to reach sales of $42mn. In 2006, whitening toothpastes were the best-sellers but a decline of 14% brought sales down to $36mn in 2007. Sales of toothpastes for children grew by 1% to close to $11mn. Meanwhile, those speci? ed for tartar control fell by 12% to $3mn. As with the FDA, Health Canada issued warnings Nielsen market facts: Canadian oral care 2007 Category Dentifrice excluding polishes whiteners Baking soda Kids Sensitive Tartar control Whitening Oral antiseptics Whitening kits Sales C$mn 222. 1 2. 4 13. 1 52. 6 4. 4 44. 7 107. 6 37. 6 % change 07/06 +2 -6 +1 +16 -12 -14 +6 -1 Source: Nielsen MarketTrack, grocery, drug, mass merchandisers, general merchandisers and warehouse clubs, 52 weeks ending 19 January 2008 (RSP) Simpli? yle 6 8 MARCH 2008 MARKET REPORT Complete, MultiCare, Sensitivity Protection, Cavity Protection, Tartar Protection and presentations for children. Crest Pro-Health has recently been extended with a nighttime variant, claimed to improve oral health, even after dark. Crest Extra White With Scope has also been launched. Tom’s of Maine – acquired by Colgate – markets its toothpastes in Canada, too. GSK markets original Sensodyne and Sensodyne-F, which contains sodium ? uoride. ProNamel, for those at risk of acid erosion, has been part of the Sensodyne range since September 2006. GSK also markets Aquafresh White Shine. Church Dwight ? elds several toothpaste brands – Arm Hammer, Close Up, Aim and Pearl Drops. The competitive environment Crest Whitestrips are marketed by PG. The latest addition is Daily Multicare which is designed to be used for ? ve minutes each day. The Whitestrips range also includes original presentations and Renewal, which aims to remove 20 years of stains. Rembrandt whitening kits are marketed by JJ’s Personal Products. Meanwhile, Arm Hammer Dental Care Whitening Gum is marketed by Church Dwight. It is positioned to be chewed after meals to clean and whiten teeth. Prospects Unlike many OTC categories, launches in Canada quickly follow those in the US so some recently added products from across the border could soon reach Canadian shelves. Big name launches in the whitening category could be particularly bene? cial to sales. Mouthwash Mouthwashes continued to grow, with sales advancing by 6%. However, there was no change in volume sales, indicating that the dollar growth is a result of higher prices, or a move to premium SKUs. The competitive environment Listerine is a leading player. The range includes various presentations including a whitening pre-brush rinse. As in the US, the products are now offered with a less potent taste. A+P emphasises that these are the same formulation, but with a milder ? avour. Listerine PocketPak breath strips are also offered in Canada. PG launched its ? rst Crest mouthwash – Pro-Health Rinse – in late 2007. This follows the launch of Pro-Health toothpaste in 2006. The rinse is alcohol-free which makes it more comfortable for consumers to use twice a day, according to the company. The brand has been successful in the US (see US section of this Market Report) so PG will be hoping for a repeat performance in Canada. PG also markets Scope mouthwash. Scope White – for fresh breath and whitening – was launched in 2007 and, as in the US, was promoted by television star, Ryan Seacrest. Market forecast USA †¢ The number of multi-bene? t presentations is set to grow as key advantages offered by each product type become increasingly blurred †¢ Demographics such as older adults and diabetics will be targeted speci? cally †¢ A+P for whitening treatments is likely to be stepped up following increased competition in the category CANADA †¢ Additions to the Crest Pro-Health range will help to drive growth †¢ In? ences from the US will further penetrate the Canadian market Our thanks to our regular data providers: For information on IRI, contact Ryan Stredney on t: 312-474-3862; f: 312-474-2592 For TNS-Media Intelligence / Competitive Media Reporting, contact John Ciotoli on t: 212-991-6087 For The Nielsen Company, contact Kristen Ridley via t: 905-943-8343 Whitening trea tments Following a decline in 2006, sales of OTC teeth whitening presentations were virtually ? at in 2007. 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